Published February 14, 2013
Deep Inside: A Study of 10,000 Porn Stars and Their Careers
For the first time, a massive data set of 10,000 porn stars has been extracted from the world’s largest database of adult films and performers. I’ve spent the last six months analyzing it to discover the truth about what the average performer looks like, what they do on film, and how their role has evolved over the last 40 years.
Without any mental deliberation, picture the average female porn star. Just let her spring into your mind’s eye, looking however she looks. Can you see her?
I had bumped into a friend who I’d not seen in a while, and this was the first question I asked him. He didn’t realize at the time that I’d been in self-imposed smutty exile for an untold number of weeks, working on the largest study of porn stars ever undertaken, and now I was out and eager to spread the news.
‘Erm, yeah, I suppose,’ he said.
‘What does she look like?’ I asked, struggling to hide my smile.
When he replied by saying ‘a blonde with big boobs,’ I must admit I relished the opportunity to lean in, let the grin spread across my tired face, and say ‘That’s what everyone says. And in fact, it’s wrong.’
‘Oh,’ he said, after I explained how I knew what the average porn star actually looks like, her chosen stage name, how many films she’s most likely done, and the probability of her having a tattoo or body piercing.
‘So you’ve spent all this time watching hundreds of porn movies?’
‘No,’ I said. ‘I’ve spent all this time analyzing the demographic profiles and filmographies of ten thousand adult performers. There is a difference.’
‘I see,’ he then said. ‘And how, dare I ask, does one go about doing that?’
I can’t recall how I first heard about the Internet Adult Film Database—the self-proclaimed ‘premier resource for information about the American porn community on the web,’ but for the longest time, I knew I wanted to plunder its treasure trove of juicy information. It holds the records of over 120,000 porn films and 115,000 adult performers and is the adult equivalent of the Internet Movie Database. In a nutshell, if you’re a fan of porn or porn stars and want to look up almost anything to do with either—whether it’s the release date of Dude, I Banged Your Mother 6, or the first time Courtney Cummz had sex on film with a black man—you go to IAFD.com.
In 2011, IAFD.com was visited by 20 million people, one of whom was me.
The database started out as a labor of love for Dutchman Peter Van Aarle, who in 1981 began keeping records on index cards about the porn films he watched in his hometown’s adult cinema. By 1999, he’d teamed up with other X-rated record keepers to form IAFD—a place where a handful of international contributors compile masses of information on porn stars and their films, while site visitors are welcome to submit corrections and suggestions—the Wikipedia of porn, if you will. In 2011, it was visited by 20 million people1, one of whom was me.
Fast forward a year, and I’d found a way to (somewhat nefariously, but with honorable intentions) extract thousands of records from the database. Now the treasure trove was split wide open, and reams of information were spilling forth into my Excel spreadsheets—names of performers, their heights and weights, their races, the sex acts they perform on film, and more.
I was finally able to scrutinize adult performers in a way no man, despite regular attempts to do so, had ever managed before, and find out once and for all which stereotypes about porn stars are true, which are bogus, and what these men and women have been doing for the last forty years. The results of my analysis are visualized in a huge infographic. Check it out if you’d like a colorful overview of every finding.
Now, on with the show.
A brunette with a B-cup named Nikki
Here’s what a typical porn star’s record looks like in the IAFD database. My data set combined 10,000 of these—7,000 females and 3,000 males. By filtering and averaging the metrics I’ve highlighted on the image, I got the facts and figures you’ll read throughout the rest of this article.
The average male and female performer are the same height as the average American man and woman: 5’10″ and 5’5″ respectively.2 However, porn stars are quite a bit lighter. At 117 pounds, the average female performer is a considerable 48 pounds under the national average for women, and the average male, at 167.5 pounds, weighs 27 pounds less than the national average for men. So, just how were these porn stars’ weights determined when they were typed, probably with one hand, into the database?
IAFD’s data is culled from various sources, including performers’ modeling profiles and the information they give during interviews in the porn films themselves.3 So presumably, at some point, the heaviest woman in my sample, who weighs 719 pounds (about the same as two giant pandas),4 and the lightest woman, who weighs ten times less, at 74 pounds (the same as the average American 10-year-old girl)5, mentioned their weights, and an owl-eared fan heard them and rushed to the database to pop them in.
I thought that maybe if the women are overestimating how light they are, they might also be a bit too generous when reporting their measurements. It turns out they probably aren’t, though, because the most common bra size for a female porn star is a surprisingly handleable 34B. Not double-D, not even a D. Double-D actually came in 4th, behind B, C, and D. The most common set of measurements for the women was 34–24-34.
So, if the average female porn star is a 5’5″ woman who weighs 117 pounds and has B-cup breasts, what color is her hair? Blonde, presumably, if my friend’s guesses were anything to go by.
Apparently not. Dark-haired porn stars outnumber blonde ones almost two-to-one.
Of course, the vast majority of the fair-haired performers dye their hair because only 5% of Americans are naturally blonde,5 but the fact that most female porn stars don’t choose the blonde bombshell look is interesting, I think.
The notion of most porn stars being busty blondes (as opposed to brunettes with B-cups) must either be a carryover from a cultural stereotype (that the most sexually adventurous and available women are blonde with big breasts), or an indication that when someone thinks of the average porn star, the vision they see is an amalgam of a few of the most famous adult models, who do fit the busty blonde mold: Jenna Jameson, for instance.
We’re slowly building the image of the true average female porn star. So, what color is her skin? I chose quite an elaborate method to showcase the breakdown of female porn stars’ races: 5,000 of their headshots, each extracted from their IAFD profiles, arranged in a color wheel to show the proportion of each race in the porn star population.
Behold – the color of porn. Click to view the expanded version, which is much more striking.
The proportions of each race match the general American population almost exactly, despite the fact that race is still heavily fetishized in porn. Many women hold out on when they do their first ‘interracial’ scenes until the time and money are right, and interracial scenes are given their own category at industry awards ceremonies.
…the average age of a woman when she gets into porn is 22 years old…
Apart from differences in the average heights and weights of performers, race seemed to make pretty much no difference to any of the other averaged stats. For instance, the data shows that the average age of a woman when she gets into porn is 22 years old—and it has been for the last 40 years—and that’s the case for all women, regardless of race.
Men have been progressively getting into the business at a younger age, though. In the 1970s, their average debut age was 29, but now it’s 24. Porn stars of both genders have also been progressively retiring earlier. In the ’70s, men stayed in porn for an average of twelve years, and women for nine. Now men on average quit after four years, and women after three.
More basic than the question of how long performers stay in the business is how they reach it in the first place. Ninety percent of mainstream American porn is produced in California’s San Fernando Valley.6
So from which of the other 49 American states are young women flocking to get there?
As you can see from the top ten rankings by state, there’s a conspicuous absence of porn stars who hail from the West-to-Mid-West part of the country. California, on the other hand, is the birthplace of one-third of all female porn stars—that is, if the birthplaces that porn stars claim as their own are, in fact, accurate.
I can imagine a lot of women, even when asked specifically where they grew up, would prefer to declare that they are from California because that’s where they’re now based than hint at where their family and friends probably still live. Or maybe the convenience of being on Porn Valley’s doorstep is enough of an incentive to explain why the vast majority of performers are true Cali girls.
When I analyzed 5,000 reviews of escorts, I discovered that the most common name for a woman working in the sex industry in the U.K. (on the escorting side of it, anyway) is Chloe. I was therefore excited to find out what the most common porn star names are, given that these too are self-selected pseudonyms. Do adult performers use the classic ‘combine your first pet’s name with the street you grew up on’ method? (Pud Rutland—at your service!) Or is there another method to the creation of their alter-egos?
Nikki Lee and David Lee — the most common first and last names of porn stars. A nice coincidence that they share the same last name. It means if these hypothetical hedonists were to marry, a name change wouldn’t be needed.
Lee is only the 24th most common last name in the U.S.,7 which suggests that porn stars choose their stage names strategically. Veteran performer Annie Sprinkle (not her real name) had this to say on the topic in an interview last year:
The big trend was doing a takeoff on celebrity names like Angelina or Jennifer, but that came in the ’80s and ’90s. Many girls take on celebrity names, funny names, super-explicit names, elegant, classy names, or girl-next-door like ‘Sunny Leone.’ But all of these names imply sexual fantasies.
Indeed, female porn stars definitely seem to choose last names that evoke notions of femininity, sexiness, and sweetness (Love, Star, Rose), while men go for stronger, more masculine ones (Steel and Stone). Arnold M. Zwicky, Professor of Linguistics at Stanford, confirms my suspicion in some of his lecture notes: ‘[performers’] choices are very far from a random sampling of…names current in the United States, or of current American family names.9
The two remaining jigsaw pieces when building the visual image of the average porn star, based on the information IAFD has to offer, are tattoos and body piercings. It turns out porn stars of both genders have more of each than an average person of the same age in the general population. 43% of porn stars have a body piercing (13 percentage points more than average) and 45.5% have at least one piece of body art—9.5% more than average.10
We now have our typical porn stars: Nikki and David. They’re of normal height, but both weigh less than the national average. Nikki has smaller breasts than you might expect, and she’s a brunette. She got into the business aged 22 and is originally from California—or at least, that’s where she now lives. David got into the industry aged 24.
There’s more to them than their appearances, though. They’re porn stars for a reason — what they do on film.
‘Let’s talk about sex, baby. Let’s talk about D.A.P.’
Sometimes when I hear people railing against porn, declaring it as the downfall of society, a poison infecting masculine minds and demeaning female ones, I wonder what kind of porn they’re talking about. To me, porn seems a lot like sport. I don’t mean the sex in it looks like a sporting activity (maybe it sometimes does, but that’s a separate point), but rather that there are as many types of sex in porn as there are forms of sport.
Take synchronized swimming. This could be seen as lesbian porn or ‘solo scenes,’ in which women casually masturbate for your viewing pleasure. Next, consider a vigorous game of badminton: this might be your standard boy-girl scene. Pretty vanilla stuff, with maybe a dose of anal sex thrown in if the match is really heated. How about a gory mixed martial arts fight? That would be comparable to a ten-man gangbang, maybe. They’re all sports, all types of sexual activity, but they differ wildly in who’s involved and what they’re doing with, or to, each other.
So when I hear somebody claim that porn is ‘degrading,’ I can’t help but ask: which porn? Is an anal scene involving three men and one woman more or less degrading than a scene in which three women have sex with strap-ons? How about a solo scene in which a woman appears alone? And if they’re equally degrading because they’re all part of the same industry, is homemade porn that couples sell on their own personal websites part of the same monster? Much like sport, violence in films, or cruelty to animals, I don’t think you can really drill down into the topic on an intellectually respectable level until you’ve strictly defined your terms.
Porn stars choose the sex acts they do on film strategically.
Female porn stars dictate the type of sex they have by listing in their modeling profiles the acts they’re willing to perform on camera.
Notice that the two women above differ in what they’re up for. The lady on the right is pretty diverse, while the one on the left is a bit more discerning.
These terms and acronyms are used by industry insiders, like agents, performers, and directors, to decide what kind of sex happens in scenes (with the more ‘out there’ ones paying considerably more)11, and they’re also used by fans of porn to keep track of what their favorite stars are doing on film.
IAFD lists the sex acts each performer does in a film next to the scene credit in their profile. By stripping out these terms into a separate data set, I could see how many women do certain sex acts at least once in their careers.
There are probably enough percentages there to write five other articles, but the anal sex one is particularly interesting because unlike some of the others (fisting, I’m looking at you), anal sex is an act that gets talked about a lot in ‘real life.’ Porn is often blamed for warping men’s minds and making them believe that anal sex is better than vaginal sex or that all women should do it. So, how does the 62% of female porn stars do an anal scene at least once stat compare to the non-porn, real life equivalent?
In 1992 a large national survey reported that only 16% of women aged 18–24 had tried anal sex.12 By 2010, another major survey, published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine, reported that the percentage of women who had tried anal by age 24 had risen to 32%,13 and one-third of those had done it within the last month.
So anal sex appears to be growing in popularity both in and out of porn—whether there’s a causal relationship there, it’s tough to say. Women in porn have been doing anal sex sooner over the last few decades, though. I noticed that in the 1980s, they waited about two years after getting into the business before they did anal on camera; these days, it’s more like six months.
I’m getting a little butt-heavy now, I know. So let’s turn our attention to breasts for a moment. To compare the popularity of butts versus boobs in porn, I created two lists of synonyms: one for asses and one for breasts.
I then searched the IAFD database to see what number of film titles contained each word from the lists (making sure not to include films referencing anal sex in the ‘butt’ count).
Here’s the volume of each graphed over the last 20 years.
It looks like the asses have it. Although, in 1995, butts and boobs almost converged—statistically, I mean.
I used the same method to investigate which female sex roles have been referenced most often in porn titles.
Teens really wipe the floor with the rest, although one could argue that many of the other roles could be teen-aged (well, 18 or 19, in legal porn). MILFs (Mothers I’d like to Fuck) coming in second place surprised me. They seem to offset the youth of the teens quite a bit—or do they?
Just how old is the average woman who appears in a MILF-themed porn flick? I found out by sampling 100 movies from the database and viewing the profiles of the women who starred in them. The average age of a MILF in porn is 33. Twenty percent of the ‘MILFs’ were 20–25 years old, 7% were over 40, and 4% were over 50.
I wasn’t sure what to think about that result, so I looked up the average age of a first-time mother in America. In 2006 it was 25 years old (22.6 in Mississippi).14
So porn, for all its ludicrous film titles and laughable plots, isn’t completely unreasonable when it comes to the casting of fuckable mothers.
It’s nice to see wife coming in third place, too, especially for fans of the institution of marriage. Unfortunately, on further investigation, I discovered that without exception every film title containing the word wife revolved around the concept of a man having sex with a spouse who wasn’t his own. Never mind.
The concept of selectivity in sex acts doesn’t apply to men in porn. They either do boy/girl scenes, or they don’t. Everything else is up for grabs (and they typically do it for about a third of the women’s pay). Another big difference between men and women who do porn is the ratio of each that regularly gets booked to do scenes. A relatively small pool of male stars, who are known as top woodsmen, get booked to do a large majority of films. I noticed two results from my analysis that back up this point.
The most prolific male porn star has had sex with 1,127 different women on screen.
First, of the 100 most prolific porn stars of all time (that is, the ones who have starred in the most films), 96 are men. Next, the ten most prolific male performers, on average, have had on-screen sex with 1,013 different women each (45 a year for an average career length of 22.4 years). Whereas, on average, the ten most prolific women have worked with 148 different men (eight a year for an average career length of 17.7 years).
Nina Hartley, for instance, who made her porn debut in 1984 and has starred in more porn flicks than any other woman on earth (938), has worked with 199 different men on film. Tom Byron, on the other hand, who has more film credits than any other man (2,549), and who made his debut only two years earlier than Hartley, has worked with over five times more people of the opposite gender than her: 1,127 different women. Men in porn—in an absurd parody of the masculine stereotype—really get around.
It’s not easy for a man to break into porn and join the ranks of the top woodsmen. To do it, you usually have to bring a woman into the industry or know a guy who knows a guy. It’s much easier for women to get into the skin business. However, according to some anti-pornography websites, the majority of women who try porn get the hell out of it right away.
Most girls who enter the porn industry do one video and quit. The experience is so painful, horrifying, embarrassing, humiliating for them that they never do it again. – Luke Ford (former pornography gossip columnist), speaking on CBS News.
That quote appears thousands of times on Google, used by people who believe porn is the devil’s work to get their message across: it’s horrible and hurts women. But is the statistic it mentions even true? Do the majority (over 50%) of women who try porn leave it after doing one film because it’s so completely soul-destroying?
Using my data set, I knew I could find out. The actual number of single film quitters is between 10% and 30%. It’s difficult to settle on an exact figure because it differs depending on how you sample the women, but one thing’s for sure: most women don’t quit after one film—in fact, the majority (at least 53%) do three or more. So, to update the quote with the facts, do most women do three films and then quit because the experience is so humiliating and painful? Perhaps. Or maybe they just don’t like it and stop.
Questions like why men and women get into porn, why they get out of it, and if they’re psychologically different from non-porn people are beyond the scope of my analysis. Other people have tried to find out, though. A recent, well-publicized study that surveyed female porn stars concluded that they appear to have higher levels of self-esteem, social support, and sexual satisfaction than the average woman, as well as a higher chance of being bi-sexual and having tried ten different types of drugs.15
Whatever the case, the IAFD’s goal of cataloging porn stars will go on, even if my time scrutinizing them is — at least in this capacity — over.
***
Well, actually, not quite. I’d built up a pretty good mental picture of the average female porn star, but what does Nikki Lee actually look like? She doesn’t look like anything, of course, because she is a combination of 7,000 women. But maybe mixing the appearances of ten of the most popular women in porn16 would come close to giving her a face. Here she is.
The Full Porn star Analysis Infographic
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Porn Star Birthplaces
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Porn star Races
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• XXL — (Contact for higher res images)
Face Morphs of Top Porn Stars
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Sources
The data used in this analysis was extracted from The Internet Adult Film Database.
- http://gramponante.com/deep-inside-the-iafd-preserving-porns-history-interview/
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr010.pdf
- http://www.iafd.com/faq.asp
- http://library.thinkquest.org/J003238/endangeredanimals.htm
- http://www.buzzle.com/articles/average-child-weight-by-age.html
- Pitman, Joanna. On Blondes. New York, NY: Bloomsbury.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley
- http://www.census.gov/genealogy/www/data/2000surnames/index.html
- http://www.stanford.edu/~zwicky/pornstar.pdf
- http://www.people-press.org/2007/01/09/a-portrait-of-generation-next/
- http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-female-porn-stars-get-paid-for-different-types-of-scenes-2012–11
- BMJ 1995;310:540.1
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad362.pdf
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db21.pdf
- http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00224499.2012.719168
- Based on the rankings found at FameRegistry.com at the time of writing
